Antidepressant Selection Workshop
Build a patient scenario and watch the reasoning, not just the ranking. Every movement on the list is explained and cited.
Teaching cases
Load a case, then change one factor at a time and watch what moves.
Patient scenario 0 factors
Tap factors to toggle. Orange factors are hard stops or near-hard stops for at least one agent.
Teaching points for this scenario
Select factors to surface the nuances that matter for this combination. With nothing selected, the ranking below reflects guideline "first-line by default" consensus, which is itself a teaching point: first-line status is about the average patient, and no patient is average.
Agents, ranked for this scenario
Click any agent to open its reasoning ledger. Scores are relative, not absolute; a +3 and a +2 are "both reasonable, here's the tiebreaker," not "one is 50% better."
How the scoring works (and why you should distrust it a little)
Baseline. Each agent starts with a small baseline (−1 to +2) that encodes where it sits in the Cipriani 2018 network meta-analysis efficacy/acceptability plane and its typical guideline line of therapy. This is what you see with no factors selected.
Factors. Each selected factor contributes a delta from roughly −3 to +3 per agent, with a one-line rationale and a source. Hard contraindications (e.g., bupropion in a seizure disorder, any serotonergic agent within 14 days of an MAOI) place the agent in the Avoid tier regardless of other points.
Tiers. Favored ≥ +3 · Reasonable −2 to +2 · Caution ≤ −3 · Avoid = hard stop. Thresholds are deliberately coarse: the lesson is the direction and the reason, not the decimal.
What the engine deliberately ignores. Prior response in the patient or a first-degree relative, patient preference after shared decision-making, formulary and cost, and your own clinical gestalt. In practice those often outrank anything on this page. A tool that claims to fold them in is overclaiming.
Key references
- Cipriani A, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for acute treatment of adults with MDD: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018;391:1357-66.
- Cipriani A, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for MDD in children and adolescents: network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;388:881-90.
- Bousman CA, et al. CPIC Guideline for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A genotypes and serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023;114:51-68.
- Hicks JK, et al. CPIC Guideline for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes and dosing of tricyclic antidepressants: 2016 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102:37-44.
- Kennedy SH, et al. CANMAT 2016 Clinical Guidelines, Section 3: Pharmacological treatments. Can J Psychiatry. 2016;61:540-60. Lam RW, et al. CANMAT 2023 update. Can J Psychiatry. 2024;69:641-87.
- Serretti A, Chiesa A. Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction related to antidepressants: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009;29:259-66.
- Gafoor R, Booth HP, Gulliford MC. Antidepressant utilisation and incidence of weight gain during 10 years' follow-up. BMJ. 2018;361:k1951. Petimar J, et al. Medication-induced weight change across common antidepressant treatments. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:993-1003.
- Papakostas GI, et al. Are antidepressant drugs that combine serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms of action more effective than SSRIs? Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:1217-27. Papakostas GI, et al. Bupropion vs SSRIs in anxious depression: pooled analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69:1287-92.
- Thase ME, et al. Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or SSRIs. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;178:234-41.
- Glassman AH, et al. Sertraline treatment of major depression in patients with acute MI or unstable angina (SADHART). JAMA. 2002;288:701-9.
- Beach SR, et al. QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, and psychotropic medications. Psychosomatics. 2013;54:1-13. Castro VM, et al. QT interval and antidepressant use: a cross sectional study of electronic health records. BMJ. 2013;346:f288.
- Huybrechts KF, et al. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2397-407. Bérard A, et al. Paroxetine and congenital malformations: meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81:589-604.
- Kelly CM, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and breast cancer mortality in women receiving tamoxifen. BMJ. 2010;340:c693.
- Hackett ML, et al. Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke; and Jiang HY, et al. SSRIs and upper GI bleeding: meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13:42-50.
- Viramontes TS, Truong H, Linnebur SA. Antidepressant-induced hyponatremia in older adults. Consult Pharm. 2016;31:139-50. De Picker L, et al. Antidepressants and the risk of hyponatremia: class-by-class review. Psychosomatics. 2014;55:536-47.
- Davies J, Read J. A systematic review into the incidence, severity and duration of antidepressant withdrawal effects. Addict Behav. 2019;97:111-21. Fava GA, et al. Withdrawal symptoms after SSRI discontinuation. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84:72-81.
- McIntyre RS, et al. Vortioxetine and cognitive function (FOCUS). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17:1557-67. Mahableshwarkar AR, et al. CONNECT. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40:2025-37.
- Post RM, et al. Mood switch in bipolar depression: comparison of adjunctive venlafaxine, bupropion and sertraline. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:124-31.
- Quitkin FM, et al. Phenelzine versus imipramine in the treatment of probable atypical depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:306-11. Henkel V, et al. Treatment of depression with atypical features: meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2006;141:89-101.
- Anderson IM. SSRIs versus tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. J Affect Disord. 2000;58:19-36.
- Hawton K, et al. Toxicity of antidepressants: rates of suicide relative to prescribing and non-fatal overdose. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196:354-8.
- Dunner DL, et al. Bupropion seizure incidence. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59:366-73. Label: bupropion (Wellbutrin XL), US FDA.
- Iosifescu DV, et al. AXS-05 (dextromethorphan-bupropion) in MDD: GEMINI trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2022;83:21m14345.
- Deligiannidis KM, et al. Zuranolone for postpartum depression (SKYLARK). Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180:668-75.
- US FDA prescribing information for each agent (current labels), accessed via DailyMed. American Geriatrics Society 2023 Beers Criteria. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71:2052-81.